Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) exhibits high tissue penetration and negligible
radiation damage to normal tissues, and thus emerges as a promising cancer
therapeutic modality for glioblastoma (GBM). However, the blood−brain
barrier (BBB) and hypoxic microenvironment greatly limit the SDT efficiency.
In this work, a biodegradable nanoplatform (termed as CSI) is fabricated by
encapsulating catalase (CAT) into silica nanoparticles (CAT@SiO2) for tumor
hypoxia relief, and then loaded with the sonosensitizer indocyanine green
(ICG). Inspired by the ability of macrophages to cross the BBB, CSI is further
coated with AS1411 aptamer-modified macrophage exosomes to form CSI@
Ex-A, which possesses efficient BBB penetration and good cancer-cell-targeting
capability. After tumor cell endocytosis, highly expressed glutathione
(GSH) triggeres biodegradation of the nanoplatform and the released CAT
catalyzes hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce O2 to relieve tumor hypoxia.
The GSH depletion and O2 self-supplying effectively enhances the SDT efficiency
both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the resulting CSI@Ex-A exhibits
good biocompatibility and long circulation time. These findings demonstrate
that CSI@Ex-A may serve as a competent nanoplatform for GBM therapy,
with potential for clinical translation.